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Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with acute interstitial pneumonia after thoracic surgery, and to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of acute interstitial pneumonia after surgery.Methods:Data from 2578 elderly patients who had undergonethoracic surgery at Beijing Hospital from October 2014 to October 2021were collected.Five patients developed acute interstitial pneumonia after thoracic surgery.The diagnosis and treatment of the patients were analyzed and major relevant issues were discussed in combination with the literature.Results:Of the 5 patients aged from 60 to 74 years, including 4 men and 1 woman, 3 had idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and 2 had Sjogren's syndrome with secondary pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.Preoperative chest CT images were characterized by sporadic interlobular septal thickening and ground-glass, reticular and linear opacities in both lungs.After surgery, all 5 patients presented unexplained and progressively aggravating dyspnea in 1~3 days and chest imaging showed newly emerged and more diffuse ground-glass, reticular and linear opacities in both lungs, in addition toprevious pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.Four patients were treated with glucocorticoids, and four underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.Two cases were treated successfully, 1 case improved after treatment but died after re-aggravation, and 2 cases died after treatment failure.Conclusions:Patients with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis after thoracic surgery may have progressive and aggravated dyspnea in the early postoperative period.Early CT imaging and pathogenic examinations will be helpful in differential diagnosis.Acute interstitial pneumonia often involves both lungs, with rapid progression and high mortality.Once the disease has progressed to respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation should be initiated as early as possible to improve organ function.Glucocorticoids should be used early with sufficient doses and lengths to prevent re-aggravation.
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Objetivo: determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la mediastinoscopia para diagnóstico y estadiaje de enfermedades del tórax. Métodos: se revisó la información general incluida en la base de datos del servicio de Cirugía de Tórax del Hospital Dr. R. A. Calderón Guardia, de 140 pacientes sometidos a mediastinoscopia durante el periodo comprendido entre 1989 y 2013, la cual se complementó con datos específicos obtenidos de los expedientes clínicos...
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Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Mediastinal Diseases , Mediastinoscopy , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Antecedentes La cirugía de revascularización miocárdica se considera hasta el momento el mejor tratamiento para los pacientes portadores de enfermedad del tronco de la coronaria izquierda (TCI); pese a ello existen pocos datos locales que comuniquen los resultados de esta cirugía. Objetivos Describir los resultados inmediatos y a los 5 años de una serie de cirugías coronarias en pacientes con lesiones del TCI. Material y métodos En el período 2003-2007 se estudiaron 174 cirugías coronarias del TCI realizadas en forma consecutiva en tres servicios quirúrgicos asociados. Se analizaron los resultados quirúrgicos a los 30 días y en el seguimiento hasta 5 años, en los que se tuvieron en cuenta la mortalidad de causa cardiovascular y por otras causas, los eventos cardiovasculares mayores, la necesidad de nueva revascularización y la supervivencia libre de síntomas. Las curvas se compararon con la supervivencia esperada para el mismo grupo de edad y sexo. Resultados El 90,8% de los pacientes tuvieron lesiones múltiples. La mortalidad a los 30 días fue del 4,0%, similar a la esperada según el EuroSCORE (6,4%, OR = 0,62, IC 95% 0,21-1,78; p = 0,333), y los eventos cardiovasculares mayores incluyeron 2,9% de infarto y 1,7% de accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). El seguimiento fue de 506 pacientes-años (12 a 60 meses) e involucró al 91% de los pacientes. Al considerar la mortalidad cardiovascular, la supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 83,7%, similar a la esperada en la población general. La supervivencia en el mismo plazo descendió al 77,6% cuando se computaron todas las causas de muerte (p = 0,436). La supervivencia a los 5 años libre de angina y de nueva revascularización fue del 72,2% y del 88,1%, respectivamente. Conclusiones En este estudio observacional de pacientes operados con lesión del TCI se demostró una mortalidad quirúrgica algo inferior a la calculada con el EuroSCORE y una tasa de ACV e infarto de entre el 1,7% y el 2,9%. El seguimiento a 5 años mostró una supervivencia similar a la esperada en la población general para la misma edad y tasas de supervivencia libre de angina y de nueva revascularización de entre el 72% y el 88%. Por último, el 90% de los TCI se asociaron con lesiones coronarias múltiples, poco proclives al tratamiento con angioplastia. Los resultados analizados en este estudio fueron consistentes con los hallados en la bibliografía internacional.
Background Coronary artery bypass graft surgery still remains as the treatment of choice of patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease; however, there are few previous studies with local data on the outcomes of this type of surgery. Objectives To describe immediate and 5-year outcomes of a series of coronary surgeries in patients with LMCA disease. Material and Methods From 2003 to 2007, 174 consecutive coronary artery bypass graft surgeries to the LMCA were analyzed. The procedures had been performed by three Associated Surgical Centers. The following outcomes were assessed 30 days and 5 years after surgery: cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, need of a new revascularization and survival free of symptoms. Curves were compared with expected survival rates for the same age group and sex. Results Multiple lesions were present in 90.8% of patients. Mortality rate was 4.0% at 30 days, similar to the rate expected according to EuroSCORE (6.4%, OR = 0.62, I95% CI 0.21-1.78; p=0.333); major cardiovascular events included myocardial infarction (2.9%) and stroke (1.7%). Total follow-up was 506 patient-years (12 to 60 months) and involved 91% of patients. When cardiovascular mortality was considered, survival rate at 5 years was 83.7%, similar to the one expected in the general population. However, when all causemortality was considered, survival at 5 years decreased to 77.6% (p=0.436). During the same period, survival free of symptoms and of new revascularization was 72.2% and 88.1%, respectively. Conclusions In our series of patients subjected to coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to LMCA disease, operative mortality was somewhat lower than expected according to EuroSCORE, with rates of stroke and myocardial infarction between 1.7% and 2.9%. At 5-year follow-up, survival was similar to that expected in the general population for the same age group, and survival free of angina and revascularization was 72% and 88%. Finally, 90% of LMCA lesions were associated with multiple coronary obstructions, and these conditions are unlikely to be treated with angioplasty. The results analyzed in this study were consistent with the findings previously published in international bibliography.
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El control estricto de la glucemia durante el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca mejora la evolución de los pacientes, pero es de difícil implementación a pesar del uso de protocolos de manejo impresos. Objetivo Determinar si la utilización de un protocolo informatizado para el control estricto de la glucemia incrementa la adherencia del equipo de salud a las conductas sugeridas y mejora el control de la glucemia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 118 pacientes consecutivos intervenidos quirúrgicamente durante el último trimestre de 2005, en los cuales el control estricto de la glucemia se realizó mediante un protocolo de manejo impreso (grupo control), y 117 pacientes consecutivos del último trimestre de 2006, en los que se utilizó el mismo protocolo pero informatizado (grupo tratamiento). Resultados En concordancia con lo sugerido por los protocolos de manejo para un control estricto adecuado de la glucemia, los pacientes del grupo tratamiento tuvieron un tiempo menor a la primera medición de glucemia (60 RIC 40-65 versus 150 RIC 60-270 min; p < 0,001) y un número mayor de mediciones de glucemia (18 ± 6,6 versus 11 ± 6,4; p < 0,0001). Los pacientes del grupo tratamiento presentaron un porcentaje mayor de mediciones normoglucémicas (67% ± 18% versus 50% ± 25%; p < 0,0001) y un tiempo menor hasta el logro de la normoglucemia (165 RIC 105-280 versus 420 RIC 295-720 min; p < 0,001). Conclusión El empleo de un protocolo informatizado permite incrementar la adherencia del equipo de salud a las conductas sugeridas y mejorar el control de la glucemia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca.
The outcomes of patients improve with a strict glycemic control during the postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery; however, written protocols may fail to achieve a tight control of glycemia. Objective To determine the usefulness of a computer-assisted protocol for strict glycemic control in order to increase the adherence of health care providers to current recommendations and to improve the glycemic control in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery. Material and Methods Patients were divided into two groups. Control group included 118 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery during the last quarter of 2005; strict glycemic control was managed with a written protocol. Treatment group consisted of 117 consecutive patients operated on during the last quarter of 2006; in this group of patients glycemic control was managed with a computerassisted protocol. Both protocols were identical. Results As protocols for strict glycemic control recommend, the first glycemia was determined earlier in the treatment group versus the control group (60 IQR 40-65 versus 150 IQR 60- 270 min; p<0,001) and blood glucose levels were measured more times (18±6.6 versus 11±6.4; p<0,0001). The percentage of determinations with normoglycemia was greater among patients in the treatment group (67%±18% versus 50%±25%; p<0.0001) and the time interval to normoglycemia was lower (165 IQR 105-280 versus 420 IQR 295-720 min; p<0,001). Conclusion A computer-assisted protocol is useful to increase the adherence of health care providers to current recommendations and to improve the glycemic control in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery.
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Objective To study the respiratory and circulatory changes in elderly patients, and their relationship with pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Methods 58 elderly patients either aged over 75 years, with major organ dysfunction or underwent highly invasive procedures (group 1). Respiratory and circulatory status, including arterial blood gas under room air, water balance, urine gravity, and hemodynamics monitoring through pulmonary artery catheter were documented. The results were compared with those from 56 young patient controls receiving thoracotomy in the same period (group 2). Results All 12 patients having pulmonary complications were from group 1 (group 1A). Ten of them presented on the 2nd or 3rd postoperative day with hypoxemia. The other 2 died of type II respiratory failure after severe infection. Preoperative pulmonary co-morbidity (P=0.026, Exp(B)=5.4) and obesity (P=0.043, Exp(B)=4.9) were identified as independent risk factors for pulmonary complications after thoracotomy in elderly patients. During the first 3 postoperative days, PaO_2 of group 1A was significantly lower than group 2 as well as the other elderly patients who did not develop pulmonary complications after surgery (Group 1B). PaCO_2 of group 1A and 1B were significantly lower than group 2. There were also significant differences between the three groups in water balance on the first postoperative day (group 1A +832ml, P=0.006 vs. group 1B +109ml, P=0.004 vs. group 2 -243ml ). Urine gravity in group 1A was also significantly higher than in group 2 in the first 3 postoperative days. Pulmonary artery catheter monitoring revealed increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance, showing a hyperdynamic status, in elderly patients after surgery. Pulmonary vascular resistance was elevated in the same time. Conclusion Pulmonary co-morbidities commonly seen in elderly patients are responsible for pulmonary complications, the major cause of surgical mortality after thoracotomy. Hypoxemia in the early postoperative period is mainlycaused by relative volume overloading from trauma induced interstitial edema. Close monitoring of arterial blood gas under room air, water balance, and urine gravity after thoracotomy may identify elderly patients at risk of developing pulmonary complication and prompt timely intervention.
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Objective Non-small-cell lung cancer with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2) belongs to heterogeneous subgroup. We analyzed the prognosis of patients with resected N2 NSCLC to determine the clinical significance. Methods The present study comprised 146 consecutive patients whom underwent surgical resection of N2 NSCLC between January 1997 and January 2000. Histological type, location, T primary tumor status, operation mode, clinical N2 (cN2) factor, N2 level(single or multiple), number of positive nodes(N2-num), and the cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were estimated from the date of operation using the Kaplan-Meier and Log Rank analysis. The Cox regression model evaluated the influence of factors on the survival. Results The 3-and 5-year survival rate of these N2 NSCLC patients were 19.86% and 14.56%, respectively. The patients with tumor in the right lower lobe showed a significantly longer survival than left lobes. The histological type, tumor location, cN2 factor, N2 level and N2-number were associated with survival. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression identified 4 factors of prognosis: tumor site, T status, N2 level and clinical N2 status. Conclusion This article has identified N2 NSCLC subgroups and found that patients with mN2, N2L1 and single N2 have better prognosis.